Corresponding author: Somayeh Esmaeili-Rineh (
Academic editor: O. Moldovan
The freshwater amphipods of the genus
Esmaeili-Rineh S, Mirghaffari SA, Sharifi M (2017) The description of a new species of
The members of genus
Iran presents the eastern-most boundary of the
The specimens were collected using a small hand net in Kheder-Goli Spring in Hakan Village close to Razan City (see Figure
Distribution map of the members of genus
Genomic DNA was isolated from a part of animal using the Tissue Kits (GenNetBio™), according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Seoul, South Korea). Amplification and sequencing of the 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragment were performed using the forward primer from
PCR amplifications were done in 25μl volumes, containing, 2.5 μl of 10× PCR buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.8), (500 mM KCl), 0.2 μl of each primer (10 μM), 0.5 μl of dNTP (10 mM), 0.75 μl MgCl2 (50 mM), 50–100 ng of genomic DNA template, and 1 unit of Taq DNA polymerase. Cycling parameters were as follows: initial denaturation of 94°C for 7 min, 35 subsequent cycles of 94°C for 45 s, 55°C for 30 s and 72°C for 1 min, and a final extension of 72°C for 7 min. Sequencing reactions were done in Macrogen Korea Laboratories.
In order to figure out the phylogenetic position of the new discovered species, we analyzed the acquired sequences (GenBank accession numbers are
Phylogenetic reconstruction was performed using the Bayesian inferences in MRBAYES, version 3.1.2 (
To assess interspecific divergence between the Iranian species of
Bayesian Inference was performed with two simultaneous runs and four search chains within each run (three heated chains and one cold chain) for 10,000,000 generations, sampling trees every 1000 generations. The first 2500 sampled trees were discarded as burn-in, and subsequent tree likelihoods were checked for convergence in Tracer 1.5.0 (
Holotype, male specimen (9 mm) from Kheder-Goli spring, Razan city, Hamedan Province, Iran; coordinates
At the base of uropod I observed only one robust seta. The palpus of maxilla I is slightly longer than outer lobe. Urosomites I–III bear two, five and two robust setae on dorso-lateral margin. Epimeral plates distinctly pointed and have three and four robust setae in ventral margin of plates II-III. The propodi of gnathopods I-II are trapezoid. Dactylus of gnathopod I dose not reach to posterior margin of propodus. Third article of mandibular palp bears a single group of two A-setae.
Total length of specimen 9 mm. Body strong and stout. Head length 11% of body length (Figure
Labium (Figure
Incisor in left mandible with five teeth, lacinia mobilis with four teeth; seven setae with lateral projections between lacinia and triturative molar (Figure
Maxilliped with short inner plate on which are four distal robust setae intermixed with five distal simple setae; outer plate exceeding half of the posterior margin of palp article 2, with 11 robust setae along inner margin and three simple setae distally. Palp article 3 of maxilliped with one proximal, inner and outer group of long simple setae at outer margin; terminal article of palp with one simple seta at outer margin, nail shorter than pedestal (Figure
Coxa of gnathopod I shorter than gnathopod II. Coxa I rectangular, longer than broad, ventral to anterior margin with four and three simple setae, respectively. Basis with setae on anterior and posterior margins; ischium and merus with posterior group of setae. Carpus with one group of three setae anterodistally, a bulge with long simple setae; carpus 0.42 of basis length and 0.79 of propodus length. Propodus slightly longer than broad; anterior margin with seven setae in two groups in addition to anterodistal group of six simple setae. Palm slightly convex, with one strong long palmar robust seta, one short supporting robust seta on inner surface and two robust setae with lateral projections on outer surface; two simple setae under supporting robust seta in palmar corner. Dactylus not reaching posterior margin of propodus, outer and inner margins with a row of three and five simple setae, respectively; nail short, 0.23 of total dactylus length (Figure
Coxa of gnathopod II slightly rounded, with six setae along antero-ventro-posterior margins. Basis with setae in groups and single setae along anterior and posterior margins; posterior margins of ischium and merus with one posterior group of setae each. Carpus 0.43 of basis length and 0.67 propodus length. Carpus with one group of four setae anterodistally. Propodus in gnathopod II larger than gnathopod I, trapezoid shape and broader than long; anterior margin with seven setae in one group in addition to anterodistal group of six simple setae. Palm nearly convex, with one strong palmar robust seta, one supporting robust seta without lateral projections on inner surface, and one robust seta with lateral projections on outer surface; two setae under supporting robust setae in palmar corner. Dactylus reaching posterior margin of propodus, outer and inner margins of dactylus with three and four simple setae, respectively. Nail length 0.25 of total dactylus length (Figure
Coxa III rectangular, length to width ratio as 1.29 : 1; antero-ventral margin with five simple setae. Coxa IV rectangular, length to width ratio as 1 : 1.04, antero-ventral margin with seven simple setae, posterior concavity shallow and approximately 0.1 of coxa width (Figure
Pereopod III : IV lengths ratio as 1 : 1.35 (Figure
Epimeral plates I–III (Figure
Pereonites I–VI without setae. Pereonite VII with two simple setae. Pleonites I–III each with one long simple seta along dorsal surface. Urosomites I-III with two, five and two robust setae laterally, respectively.
Peduncle of uropod I with six and three large robust setae along dorsolateral and dorsomedial margins, respectively. Rami of uropod I with equal length (ratio 1 : 1); inner ramus with three groups of robust setae laterally and five robust setae distally; outer ramus with three groups of six robust setae laterally and five robust setae distally (Figure
The name “
This species is nested within the main Iranian clade and apparently shares the nearest common ancestor with
Bayesian consensus tree of 49
Diagnostic characters in identification of Iranian species of the genus
Characters | Urosomites I-III |
Telson setal pattern (A – apical robust setae, L – lateral robust setae) | Size of coxa of GNI to GNII | Maxilla I -number of denticles on R. S of outer plate (from outer towards inner) | Uropod I (ratio of uropod rami) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | |||||
I:2 R.S |
3 A, 1 L | smaller | 0,0,0,2,3,4,more than 5 | Inner>outer | |
|
I:3 S.S |
3 A, 1 L | of similar size | 0,1,1,1,2,2,5 | Inner<outer |
I-III: 6 R. S | 3 A, 2 L |
smaller | 0,1,1,1,2,2,5 | Inner>outer | |
I-II: 1 S.S |
4 A, 2 L | smaller | 0,0,0,1,1,1,3 | Inner>outer | |
I-II: 1 R.S |
3 A, 1 L | smaller | 1,1,1,1,1,1,1 | Inner<outer | |
|
I: 1- 2 S.S |
3 A | smaller | 1,others more than 5 | Inner>outer |
|
I:1 S.S |
3 A, 2 L | smaller | 0,1,1,1,1,1,1 | Inner<outer |
I:1 S.S |
3 A | smaller | 5,5,5, others more than5 | Inner>outer | |
I:1R.S,2S.S |
3 A, 1 L | smaller | 0,0,1,1,1,1,2 | Inner<outer | |
I-II: 4 R.S |
3 A, 1 L | smaller | 0,0,0,1,1,2,2 | Inner>outer |
|
I-II:2R.S, 2S.S | 3 A | smaller | 0,2,2,3,3,4,5 | Inner>outer | |
Characters | The number of supporting robust setae in palmar corner of GNII | Length of maxilla I palpus | Shape of propods of GNI | Shape of propods of GNII | Uropod III (length of distal article of outer ramus.) |
Species | |||||
1 | longer than outer lobe of maxilla I (without R. S) | trapezoid | trapezoid | approximately 0.52 of the first article | |
2 | shorter than outer lobe of maxilla I (without R. S) | trapezoid | trapezoid | approximately 0.5 of the first article | |
3 | as long as outer lobe of maxilla I (without R. S) | rectangular | triangular | as long as the first article. | |
1 | longer than outer lobe of maxilla I (without R. S) | rectangular | sub quadrangular | approximately 0.33 of the first article | |
1 | longer than outer lobe of maxilla I (without R. S) | trapezoid | trapezoid | approximately 0.33 of the first article | |
1 | as long as outer lobe of maxilla I (without R. S) | trapezoid | rectangular | 0.1 of the first article | |
1 | longer than outer lobe | trapezoid | trapezoid | 0.65 of the first article | |
2 | as long as outer lobe | rectangular | rectangular | 0.16 of the first article | |
2 | longer than outer lobe | rectangular | rectangular | approximately 0.33 of the first article | |
3 | shorter than outer lobe of maxilla I (without R. S) | rectangular | rectangular | 0.14 of the first article | |
1 | longer than outer lobe of maxilla I (without R. S | trapezoid | trapezoid | 0.08 of the first article |
A., apical; GNI-II., gnathopods I-II; L., lateral; R. S., robust seta; S. S., simple seta.
An important diagnostic traits of
We described new taxon of Iranian
This project was funded by the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF-92033591). Authors are grateful to Razi University for providing the fieldwork facilities. We are especially grateful to two anonymous referees for their valuable comments.