Phylogenetic relationships of Middle American Rhamdia inferred from comparative COI data. Colored circles on nodes indicate degree of clade support as determined by bootstrap values: black > 95, 95 ≥ blue ≥ 75, red < 75. Terminal names as follow: Species name + GenBank accession or catalog/voucher (for new/unpublished sequences) + country, basin (in parenthesis). Terminals corresponding to samples from populations of Costa Rican hypogean Rhamdia (documented herein) in red. Terminals corresponding to samples from Costa Rican epigean Rhamdia collected in this study in blue. Outgroup taxon (Rhamdia quelen) not shown. The dashed rectangle indicates the R. guatemalensis clade, whereas the light gray rectangle indicates the “R. laticauda-group” clade, inclusive of R. nicaraguensis, R. parryi, and the four Mexican stygobitic species.

 
 
  Part of: Arroyave J, Angulo A, Hernández-Ávila SG, Buenavad-González MA, Rojas-Rodríguez P, Deleva S, Ulloa A, Picq S, McMahan CD (2024) New vouchered and taxonomically verified records of cave-dwelling populations of catfishes of the genus Rhamdia (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) from Costa Rica. Subterranean Biology 50: 29-52. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.50.134387