Human alterations in caves of Espírito Santo, Brazil. A religious use in granite cave in Venda Nova dos Imigrantes B transformation of granitic cave into a church in Itaimbé-Itaguassu C deforestation surrounding cave in Ecoporanga, D drainage exploitation in granite cave near Pedro Canário E use of cave as goat corral F road construction destroying cave chambers in Vargem Alta G and I Limoeiro cave entrance with religious and tourist use in Conceição de Castelo H using limestone cave as a timber-yard in Vargem Alta.