Latest Articles from Subterranean Biology Latest 50 Articles from Subterranean Biology https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/ Thu, 28 Mar 2024 11:12:10 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from Subterranean Biology https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/ A new species of Stygobromus Cope, 1872 (Amphipoda, Crangonyctidae) from a hypotelminorheic seepage spring in Washington, D.C., USA https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/112984/ Subterranean Biology 48: 117-146

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.48.112984

Authors: Matthew L. Niemiller, Andrew G. Cannizzaro, Thomas R. Sawicki, David C. Culver

Abstract: We describe a new species of subterranean amphipod (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) in the genus Stygobromus from a hypotelminorheic seepage spring at Shepherd Parkway, part of National Capital East Parks, Washington, D.C., USA, part of the National Park System, using both morphological and genetic approaches. The Anacostia Groundwater Amphipod, S. anacostensis sp. nov. is a member of the S. tenuis species group but differs from related congeners based on body size, serrate blade-like edge of both palms of gnathopods 1 and 2, presence of rastellate setae on the posterodistal margin of the carpus of gnathopod 2, and aspects of the second antennae, mandibular palp, pereopods 5–7, uropods 1 and 2, and telson. Moreover, S. anacostensis sp. nov. is genetically distinct from S. tenuis in the Washington D.C. metropolitan area. The description of S. anacostensis sp. nov. increases the number of described Stygobromus species to eight in the Washington D.C. area and highlights the need for continued biodiversity studies, even in regions that have received considerable attention.

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Research Article Thu, 15 Feb 2024 23:21:34 +0200
Phylogenetic systematics of the enigmatic genus Horologion Valentine, 1932 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae, Horologionini), with description of a new species from Bath County, Virginia https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/114404/ Subterranean Biology 48: 1-49

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404

Authors: Curt W. Harden, Robert L. Davidson, Thomas E. Malabad, Michael S. Caterino, David R. Maddison

Abstract: Horologion Valentine, one of the rarest and most enigmatic carabid beetle genera in the world, was until now known only from the holotype of Horologion speokoites Valentine, discovered in 1931 in a small cave in West Virginia. A single specimen of a new species from Virginia was collected in 1991, but overlooked until 2018. DNA sequence data from specimens of this new species, Horologion hubbardi sp. nov., collected in 2022 and 2023, as well as a critical examination of the external morphology of both species, allow us to confidently place Horologion in the supertribe Trechitae, within a clade containing Bembidarenini and Trechini. A more specific placement as sister to the Gondwanan Bembidarenini is supported by DNA sequence data. Previous hypotheses placing Horologion in or near the tribes Anillini, Tachyini, Trechini, Patrobini, and Psydrini are rejected. The existence of two species of Horologion on opposite sides of the high mountains of the middle Appalachians suggests that these mountains are where the ancestral Horologion populations dispersed from, and predicts the discovery of additional populations and species. All specimens of H. hubbardi were collected in or near drip pools, and most were found dead, suggesting that the terrestrial epikarst, rather than caves, is the true habitat of Horologion, which explains their extreme rarity since epikarst has not been directly sampled. We recognize the tribe Horologionini, a relict lineage without any close relatives known in the Northern Hemisphere, and an important part of Appalachian biodiversity.

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Research Article Mon, 8 Jan 2024 09:17:56 +0200
Two new phreatic snails (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cochliopidae) from the Edwards and Edwards-Trinity aquifers, Texas https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/113186/ Subterranean Biology 47: 1-27

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.47.113186

Authors: Kathryn E. Perez, Yamileth Guerrero, Roel Castañeda, Peter H. Diaz, Randy Gibson, Benjamin Schwartz, Benjamin T. Hutchins

Abstract: The Edwards and Edwards-Trinity Aquifers of Texas have diverse stygofauna, including fifteen species of snails found in phreatic and hyporheic habitats. These species have the hallmarks of adaptation to subterranean environments including extremely small body size and the loss of pigmentation and eyes. Here we use an integrative taxonomic approach, using shell, radula, and anatomical features as well as mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data, to circumscribe a new genus and two new cavesnail species from Central Texas. Vitropyrgus lillianae gen. et sp. nov. is described from Comal Springs (Comal County) and Fessenden Springs (Kerr County) and distinguished by a glassy, highly sculptured shell and distinctively simple, unornamented penial morphology. We also describe Phreatodrobia bulla sp. nov. from Hidden Springs (Bell County), and several other springs in Bell & Williamson Counties, Texas. This species has a smooth, unsculptured teleoconch, a reflected and flared lip, and deeply concave operculum.

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Research Article Mon, 4 Dec 2023 09:45:27 +0200
New records of cave-dwelling populations of Rhamdia catfishes (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) from Chiapas, Mexico https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/110269/ Subterranean Biology 46: 61-76

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.46.110269

Authors: Martín Alonso Buenavad-González, Jesús M. López-Vila, David Torres-Vázquez, Sonia Gabriela Hernández-Ávila, Kaleb Zárate-Gálvez, Jairo Arroyave

Abstract: Dedicated ichthyological surveys in four active karstic caves in the Mexican state of Chiapas (Grijalva River drainage basin) resulted in the discovery of the same number of hypogean populations of Rhamdia catfishes assignable to two different species: R. laticauda and R. guatemalensis. The taxonomic identity of these populations was initially determined based on morphological traits and subsequently corroborated with molecular data in a phylogenetic framework. For the most part, these newly discovered populations exhibit partial and variable troglomorphism (vs. fixed), a pattern that has been observed in most other cave-dwelling species/populations of Mexican Rhamdia, and possibly caused by gene flow with and/or incipient speciation from epigean lineages. Since most hypogean forms of Mexican Rhamdia derive from/are part of a larger R. laticauda clade, our discovery of cave-dwelling populations assignable to R. guatemalensis is noteworthy and includes the very first record of a R. guatemalensis population with pronounced and widespread troglomorphism. Our discovery of hitherto unrecorded populations of hypogean Rhamdia highlights the continued importance of exploration in the process of documenting subterranean biodiversity, particularly in regions of the world rich with cave systems. Our findings corroborate the notion that, among Neotropical fishes, the catfish genus Rhamdia is one of the most prone and effective at colonizing subterranean habitats and establishing viable hypogean populations.

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Research Article Tue, 19 Sep 2023 16:25:46 +0300
The surprising discovery of two new subterranean Leptodirini of the genus Spelaeobates Müller, 1901 (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae) from Croatia after more than a century https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/104548/ Subterranean Biology 46: 21-46

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.46.104548

Authors: Srećko Ćurčić, Nikola Vesović, Maja Vrbica, Slađana Popović, Željko Radovanović, Nina B. Ćurčić, Anatoliy A. Yamashkin, Dejan Radović, Stanislav A. Yamashkin, Sofija Vranić, Tonći Rađa

Abstract: Two new subterranean leiodid taxa of the genus Spelaeobates Müller, 1901 from three pits in northern Dalmatia (Croatia), S. coriniensis sp. nov. and S. coriniensis nonveilleri ssp. nov., are described. The morphological traits of the new taxa are enumerated and illustrated. These two taxa are placed in the subgenus Spelaeobates Müller, 1901. The relationships of these two taxa and their close relatives are clarified. Data on the sexual dimorphism of the two new taxa and on the intrasubspecific variability of S. coriniensis nonveilleri ssp. nov. are presented. We also redescribed S. novaki, the type species of both the genus Spelaeobates and the subgenus Spelaeobates and the closest relative of the newly described species. A key for identification of the taxa of the genus Spelaeobates is included. The new taxa are endemic to the Dinaric Alps of Croatia. Spelaeobates (Pretneriella) kraussi Müller, 1903 and S. (P.) pharensis langhofferi Müller, 1931 were found for the first time outside their type locality.

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Research Article Thu, 24 Aug 2023 12:33:46 +0300
First blind daddy long-legs spiders from Australia and Réunion (Araneae, Pholcidae) https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/105798/ Subterranean Biology 46: 1-19

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.46.105798

Authors: Bernhard A. Huber, Guanliang Meng, Huon L. Clark, Grégory Cazanove

Abstract: Daddy long-legs spiders are common inhabitants of tropical and subtropical caves around the globe. Numerous species have evolved troglomorphisms, including the loss of body pigments and eyes. Here we describe the first troglomorphic pholcids from Australia and Réunion. Belisana coblynau Huber & Clark, sp. nov. was extracted from mining boreholes in the arid West Australian Pilbara region. It represents a genus that is widespread in tropical forests of South and Southeast Asia, reaching the tropical north and east of Australia. Belisana coblynau is thus presumably a relict whose epigean ancestor lived in the area before the aridification of Australia starting in the early Cenozoic. Buitinga ifrit Huber & Cazanove, sp. nov. was collected in Grotte de La Tortue on Réunion, one of the oldest lava tubes on the island (~300,000 years). Congeneric species are known from East Africa, and the genus does not seem to have reached Madagascar. Since Pholcidae do not balloon, the now extinct epigean ancestor of Buitinga ifrit probably reached the island by highly accidental means (such as rafts or storms).

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Research Article Mon, 24 Jul 2023 13:38:23 +0300
The overview of lithobiomorph centipedes (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha) from caves of Slovenia https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/101430/ Subterranean Biology 45: 165-185

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.45.101430

Authors: Anja Kos, Teo Delić, Ivan Kos, Peter Kozel, Slavko Polak, Maja Zagmajster

Abstract: Centipedes of temperate regions can be found in various habitats, including forest litter, soil or caves. Slovenia, situated in the Northwestern Balkans, has rich centipede fauna, with one of the earliest scientific descriptions of a cave centipede, Lithobius stygius Latzel, 1880, from Postojnska jama. Many lithobiomorph species have been reported from Slovenian caves, but the data on their occurrence are scattered in the literature or public collections, and several specimens have even remained unexamined. Here we present the overview of lithobiomorph centipedes found in Slovenian caves. Altogether, 21 lithobiomorph species were found in 160 localities. The majority of the records, 319 out of 410, are published for the first time. Only three species are considered exclusively subterranean species, L. stygius, L. zveri and Eupolybothrus obrovensis, while other species are surface dwellers. The potential explanation of surface species presence in caves is discussed. We comment on cases of unresolved taxonomical status and present suggestions for further research needed to resolve them. Even though lithobiomorph centipedes often occur in caves, their role and importance in subterranean habitats remain to be studied.

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Research Article Tue, 16 May 2023 17:48:37 +0300
First data on testate amoebae associated with the endemic cave bivalve Congeria jalzici Morton & Bilandžija, 2013 with a description of Psammonobiotus dinarica sp. nov. https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/97105/ Subterranean Biology 45: 53-74

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.45.97105

Authors: Najla Baković, Ferry Siemensma, Sanja Puljas, Robert Baković, Roman Ozimec, Ana Ostojić, Zrinka Mesić

Abstract: Testate amoebae are phylogenetically a very diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms. They can be found in marine and freshwater habitats and in soil. Some of these single-celled organisms inhabit both surface and cave habitats, but their diversity in caves has barely been explored. Recent studies in the Dinaric region imply that testate amoebae in caves show a high diversity. The aim of this study was to identify the alpha diversity of testate amoebae in the Lika region (Dinaric karst, Croatia) and to compare the habitats of different caves based on testate amoebae assemblages. In eight caves we found more than 40 testate amoebae taxa, including a new testate amoeba species, Psammonobiotus dinarica sp. nov. The greatest diversity of testate amoebae was found in Markov ponor (27 taxa). The Bray-Curtis Similarity Index showed that testate amoebae assemblages in caves inhabited by the endemic and endangered cave bivalve Congeria jalzici (Markov ponor, Dankov ponor and Dražice ponor) differ from caves not inhabited by this species. This differentiation is attributed to the impact of the sinking Lika river, which occasionally completely submerges these caves, creating specific habitats for eukaryotic microorganisms. This study contributes to our understanding of the diversity, biogeography and ecology of testate amoebae in caves, as well as providing further insight into the conditions that sustain populations of C. jalzici.

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Research Article Tue, 21 Feb 2023 17:36:32 +0200
A new species of the genus Siambathynella Camacho, Watiroyram & Brancelj, 2011 (Crustacea, Bathynellacea, Parabathynellidae) from a Thai cave https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/93661/ Subterranean Biology 44: 139-152

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.44.93661

Authors: Ana I. Camacho, Philippe Leclerc

Abstract: Siambathynella janineana sp. nov. (family Parabathynellidae) discovered in Thailand is herein described. The new species displays an exclusive character: a distinctive organ on the antennule of males. It also displays a unique combination of morphological characters, including a seven-segmented antennule and antenna, sexual dimorphism of the antennule, a one-segmented exopod on thoracopod I and a two-segmented one on thoracopods II to VII, a male thoracopod VIII without basipodial setae and with a trapezoidal outer lobe, a female thoracopod VIII with two denticles at the base of two setae, pleopods absent, a sympod of the uropod with an inhomonomous row of spines and an uropod endopod with a spinous distal process and a very large distal spine covered with setules. This is the fifth record of Bathynellacea (family Parabathynellidae) found in caves in Thailand.

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Research Article Mon, 10 Oct 2022 10:26:13 +0300
A new species of Allobathynella (Crustacea, Bathynellacea, Parabathynellidae) from the hyporheic zone of the Hangang River, South Korea https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/85517/ Subterranean Biology 44: 85-101

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.44.85517

Authors: Su-Jung Ji, Gi-Sik Min

Abstract: Bathynellacea including the parabathynellid genus Allobathynella Morimoto & Miura, 1957 is commonly found across the subterranean environment. The genus Allobathynella is the most species-rich genus known in Korea, and it now contains 23 species and one subspecies from South Korea and Japan. In this paper, we described a new species of Allobathynella from Danyang, South Korea. Allobathynella danyangensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by the presence of five simple setae on the antennule, seven spines on the maxillule and 3-5-10-6 setal formula of the maxilla. We describe the new species with molecular diagnosis based on the mitochondrial c oxidase subunit 1, the mitochondrial 16S rDNA, and the nuclear 18S rDNA gene sequences and morphological study.

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Research Article Thu, 1 Sep 2022 05:43:29 +0300
 Coframalaxius bletteryi gen. et sp. nov. from subterranean habitat in Southern France (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Cixiidae, Oecleini) https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/85804/ Subterranean Biology 43: 145-168

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.43.85804

Authors: Maxime Le Cesne, Thierry Bourgoin, Hannelore Hoch, Yang Luo, Yalin Zhang

Abstract: A new planthoppers genus and species of Cixiidae Oecleini, Coframalaxius bletteryi gen. et sp. nov. newly discovered in a cave near Nice in southern France, is described. Molecular analysis confirms the morphology-based classification of Coframalaxius as sister to Trigonocranus within the Oecleni. Several morphological characters are further discussed. A double-grasping coxo-femoral and femoro-tibial system is regarded as apomorphic for the oecline taxa and would allow the nymph to firmly grab the roots and rootlets on which it feeds or use to progress in the soil. Wing vein patterns are discussed in the Cixiidae: 1) for the forewings, Oecleini belong to the trifid type of the anterior MP branch, leading to the reinterpretation of some recently described Neotropical species, 2) for the hindwing, four connection types (U-, V-, Y- and I-types) between MP and CuA are described. Oecleini belongs to I-type with a complete fusion of MP3+4 with CuA1. Although the area where the cave is located is well-studied with respect to its regularly sampled epigean fauna for many years, the taxon is new to science, highlighting its probable completely hypogean life cycle and leading to consider Coframalaxius bletteryi as an eutroglophile species.

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Research Article Fri, 15 Jul 2022 13:41:07 +0300
Two new troglobitic species of Iansaoniscus from Brazilian caves (Crustacea, Isopoda, Pudeoniscidae) https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/81308/ Subterranean Biology 43: 127-143

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308

Authors: Giovanna Monticelli Cardoso, Rafaela Bastos-Pereira, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira

Abstract: Iansaoniscus species are troglobitic terrestrial isopods of the Pudeoniscidae family. In this work two new species are described from caves in the Bahia state, northeastern Brazil; I. leilae sp. nov. from Toca do Gonçalo cave, in the municipality of Campo Formoso; and I. paulae sp. nov. from Lapa do Bode cave in the municipality of Itaeté. Additionally, ecological notes and conservation status are provided for both new species.

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Research Article Tue, 14 Jun 2022 17:27:06 +0300
A new subspecies of the genus Duvalius Delarouzée, 1859 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini) from western Serbia, with a key and an annotated catalogue of Serbian Biharotrechus and Duvalius s. str. taxa https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/76049/ Subterranean Biology 43: 73-95

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.43.76049

Authors: Srećko Ćurčić, Nikola Vesović, Miloš Kuraica, Fabrizio Bosco, Nina B. Ćurčić, Maja Vrbica

Abstract: Duvalius semecensis tarensis ssp. nov. from two subterranean sites situated on Mt. Tara (western Serbia) is described, illustrated and compared with its most related congeners. It is provisionally placed in the subgenus Biharotrechus Bokor, 1922. The new subspecies is characterized by a depigmented, medium-sized body, the presence of reduced eyes, deep and complete frontal furrows, two pairs of discal setae in third elytral striae, as well as by the shape of aedeagus. It inhabits caves on Mt. Tara and is endemic of this mountain. Data on the distribution and bionomy of the new subspecies are given. Its closest relative, Duvalius (Biharotrechus) semecensis semecensis Winkler, 1926, is redescribed and we designated its holotype by monotypy. A key for the identification and an annotated catalogue of Serbian Biharotrechus and Duvalius s. str. taxa are also provided.

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Research Article Tue, 31 May 2022 18:37:12 +0300
The identities of two species in the Pterostichus macrogenys species group of subterranean carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) revealed by external morphometric analysis and comparative genital morphology https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/80969/ Subterranean Biology 43: 61-71

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.43.80969

Authors: Kôji Sasakawa, Hirotarô Itô

Abstract: The Pterostichus macrogenys species group is an endemic subterranean Japanese carabid lineage that shows marked regional differentiation, but unresolved taxonomic issues remain, even at the species level. Based on morphological examinations of the genital structures of newly collected specimens and an external morphometric analysis of all the species concerned, P. falcispinus Sasakawa, 2005 syn. nov. is synonymized with P. asahinus Habu & Baba, 1960, and P. awashimaensis sp. nov. is described from Awashima Island, a small island off the coast of Honshu. Based on external morphometrics, P. awashimaensis was determined to be most similar to P. yahikosanus Sasakawa, 2009, but its external and genital features differ distinctly from the latter species and it is thought to be more ancestral.

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Short Communication Tue, 31 May 2022 09:55:31 +0300
A reassessment of the origin and distribution of the subterranean genus Pseudolimnocythere Klie, 1938 (Ostracoda, Loxoconchidae), with description of two new species from Italy https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/82158/ Subterranean Biology 43: 33-60

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.43.82158

Authors: Giampaolo Rossetti, Fabio Stoch, Ilaria Mazzini

Abstract: Groundwater ecosystems host a rich and unique, but still largely unexplored and undescribed, biodiversity. Several lineages of ostracod crustaceans have subterranean representatives or are exclusively living in groundwaters. The stygobitic genus Pseudolimnocythere Klie, 1938 has a West Palearctic distribution, and includes few living and fossil species of marine origin. Through a comprehensive literature review and the description of the two new living species, Pseudolimnocythere abdita sp. nov. and Pseudolimnocythere sofiae sp. nov., from springs in the Northern Apennines, Italy, a morphological analysis was carried out with the aim of comparing the valve morphology of living and fossil species, and to discuss previous hypotheses about time and mode of colonization of inland waters. Pseudolimnocythere species show a low variability in valve morphology, with a remarkable stasis over geological times. The distribution of extant and fossil species is consistent with a scenario of multiple and independent events of colonization of continental habitats linked to sea level variations starting from Middle Miocene in the Paratethys and, later, in the Mediterranean. The most common colonization routes of inland waters have taken place through karst formations along ancient coastlines, although we cannot exclude some minor active migration through the hyporheic zone of streams. Available distribution data suggest a poor dispersal ability of Pseudolimnocythere species after they had colonized continental waters.

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Research Article Wed, 25 May 2022 10:01:20 +0300
Rediscovery and phylogenetic analysis of the Shelta Cave Crayfish (Orconectes sheltae Cooper & Cooper, 1997), a decapod (Decapoda, Cambaridae) endemic to Shelta Cave in northern Alabama, USA https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/79993/ Subterranean Biology 43: 11-31

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.43.79993

Authors: Katherine E. Dooley, K. Denise Kendall Niemiller, Nathaniel Sturm, Matthew L. Niemiller

Abstract: The Shelta Cave Crayfish (Orconectes sheltae) is a small, cave-obligate member of the genus Orconectes (family Cambaridae) endemic to a single cave system—Shelta Cave—in northwest Huntsville, Madison Co., Alabama, USA. Although never abundant, this stygobiont was regularly observed in the 1960s and early 1970s before the population and aquatic community in general at Shelta Cave collapsed likely in response to groundwater contamination and the loss of energetic inputs from a Grey Bat (Myotis grisescens) maternity colony that abandoned the cave after installation of a poorly designed cave gate. We conducted 20 visual surveys of aquatic habitats at Shelta Cave between October 2018 and July 2021. Although the aquatic community has not recovered, we did confirm the continued existence of O. sheltae, which had not been observed in 31 years, with observations of an adult female on 31 May 2019 and an adult male on 28 August 2020. We conducted the first phylogenetic analyses of O. sheltae and discovered that the species is most closely related to other geographically proximate stygobiotic crayfishes in the genus Cambarus in northern Alabama than members of the genus Orconectes. We advocate for recognition of this species as Cambarus sheltae to more accurately reflect evolutionary relationships of this single-cave endemic and offer recommendations for its management, conservation, and future research, as this species remains at high risk of extinction.

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Research Article Fri, 20 May 2022 10:58:24 +0300
Eupera troglobia sp. nov.: the first troglobitic bivalve from the Americas (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Sphaeriidae) https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/78074/ Subterranean Biology 42: 165-184

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.42.78074

Authors: Luiz Ricardo L. Simone, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira

Abstract: Eupera troglobia sp. nov. is the first fully described troglobitic bivalve discovered in the Americas, and possibly the second in the world. The troglobitic designation is based on the lack of pigmentation, reduction in size and shell thickness, and large and few offspring. Unlike its relatives that live in the roots of the water hyacinth, this new species is attached to the walls of the caves with a byssus. The anatomical study shows some peculiarities in comparison with the congeners, especially the simplicity of the foot, the siphons and the gut. This discovery is a new contribution to the efforts for the conservation of subterranean habitats in Brazil.

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Research Article Wed, 13 Apr 2022 17:22:17 +0300
A new species of Chaimowiczia from the karstic Serra do Ramalho plateau, Brazil (Oniscidea, Synocheta, Styloniscidae) https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/80274/ Subterranean Biology 42: 139-149

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.42.80274

Authors: Giovanna Monticelli Cardoso, Rafaela Bastos-Pereira, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira

Abstract: Chaimowiczia belongs to the subfamily Iuiuniscinae, family Styloniscidae, and is currently composed of two troglobitic species: C. tatus and C. uai, both occurring in Brazil. A new species of Styloniscidae found in Brazil (Bahia state, Serra do Ramalho, Serra Verde cave) was allocated into this genus by the antenna flagellum with three articles; rectangular-shaped lateral pereonites epimera not apically acute and apex of pleopod 2 endopod with an acute tip and an acute or rounded lobe directed outwards. The new species, C. obybytyra sp. nov., is here described and rises to 25 the number of troglobitic styloniscidean species known for Brazilian caves.

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Research Article Tue, 29 Mar 2022 12:48:23 +0300
Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov. (Pseudoscorpiones, Pseudotyrannochthoniidae), a new troglobitic species from South Africa https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/79190/ Subterranean Biology 42: 125-138

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190

Authors: Guilherme C. Prado, Gerhard C. Du Preez, Rodrigo L. Ferreira

Abstract: A new pseudoscorpion species, Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov., is herein described. It can be distinguished from the other species of the genus mainly by the absence of eyes, number and morphology of chelal teeth and coxae setae and by the appendices proportions. This new species represents the fourth record for the genus in South Africa. We also provide some ecological remarks of the new species and recommendations for future research.

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Research Article Fri, 18 Mar 2022 10:02:15 +0200
A new species of Leonhardia Reitter, 1901 (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Leptodirini) from Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a key to species of the genus https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/75613/ Subterranean Biology 41: 69-85

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.41.75613

Authors: Srećko Ćurčić, Nikola Vesović, Maja Vrbica, Slađana Popović, Željko Radovanović, Nina B. Ćurčić, Tonći Rađa

Abstract: A new leptodirine leiodid beetle species belonging to the genus Leonhardia Reitter, 1901, L. solaki sp. nov., from a pit in Bosnia and Herzegovina (western Balkan Peninsula) is described and diagnosed. Important morphological features of the new species are listed and photographed. The new species is endemic to the Dinarides of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A key for identification of species and subspecies of the genus Leonhardia is also provided.

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Research Article Fri, 10 Dec 2021 16:38:48 +0200
Four new species of the genus Ochyrocera (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from iron caves of the state of Minas Gerais, with the description of the third anophtalmic species from Brazil https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/72895/ Subterranean Biology 41: 43-68

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.41.72895

Authors: Antonio Domingos Brescovit, Robson de Almeida Zampaulo, Leandro Mota Pedroso, Igor Cizauskas

Abstract: Four new species of the spider genus Ochyrocera Fage, 1912 are described from iron caves in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Here we present the third anophtalmic and depigmented species of the genus, O. dorinha sp. nov., and three other depigmented species: O. monica sp. nov., O. magali sp. nov. and O. rosinha sp. nov. Only O. dorinha sp. nov. and O. rosinha sp. nov. are considered as troglobites due the ocular reduction or anophthalmia and elongated appendages, two troglomorphic features absent in the other species described.

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Research Article Fri, 10 Dec 2021 16:38:40 +0200
Four new species of troglomorphic Coecobrya Yosii, 1956 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Thailand based on morphological and molecular evidence, with an updated key of Thai troglomorphic species https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/76926/ Subterranean Biology 41: 1-42

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.41.76926

Authors: Areeruk Nilsai, Matsapume Detcharoen, Nerivania Nunes Godeiro, Sopark Jantarit

Abstract: Four new species of troglomorphic Coecobrya Yosii, 1956 are described from caves located in the central and northeastern regions of Thailand. Coecobrya whitteni sp. nov. and C. troglobia sp. nov. are from Khon Kaen province, C. ellisi sp. nov. is from Phetchabun province and C. phitsanulokensis sp. nov. is from Phitsanulok province. They all exhibit remarkable troglobitic characters i.e. elongated antennae, legs and furca, slender claw complex and large body size. Coecobrya whitteni sp. nov. is similar to C. troglobia sp. nov. and they were found a distance of only 3.4 km from each other. However, they are mainly different in the number of An mac on dorsal head and number of chaetae of Th. II. Likewise, C. ellisi sp. nov. is similar to C. phitsanulokensis sp. nov.. However, they differ in the number of An mac on the dorsal head, the number of central mac on Abd. II, central mac on Abd. IV, lateral mac on Abd. IV and the number of inner teeth of the claw. Moreover, C. ellisi sp. nov. has orange pigment dots on the body, a unique character, considering that all other troglomorphic Coecobrya species in Thailand are devoid of pigmentation. The results of the molecular approach based on two partial mitochondrial markers (COI and 16S rDNA) and a nuclear gene fragment (28S rDNA) supported the results of morphological species discrimination in separating the four nominal populations as valid species. An updated dichotomous key of Thai troglomorphic Coecobrya species is also given.

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Research Article Fri, 10 Dec 2021 16:38:07 +0200
Distribution of Stenasellidae in Africa and description of a new species of Metastenasellus from Cameroonian groundwaters https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/76301/ Subterranean Biology 40: 175-194

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.40.76301

Authors: Pountougnigni Oumarou Farikou, Piscart Christophe, Sob Nangou Paul Bertrand, Zebaze Togouet Serge Hubert

Abstract: During recent investigations of the groundwater fauna of Cameroon, specimens of a new species of the stygobitic genus Metastenasellus, M. boutini sp. nov. were collected in wells of the city of Douala. The new species can be easily distinguished from the other species of the genus by its relatively large size (up to 11 mm), pleonite 1 and 2 half the length of pereonite 7, the shape of pleopod 2 in males (presence of an external lobe on the protopodite, distal part of the spermatic duct slightly protruding out of the second article, lack of a distal seta on the exopodite), and uropod half the length of the pleotelson. Ecological data and a key to Metastenasellus species are provided. We also performed an exhaustive analysis of the literature on Stenasellidae in Africa to study the geographical distribution of the family in this continent and discuss some hypotheses about the origin of African species.

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Research Article Fri, 3 Dec 2021 13:57:21 +0200
The first troglobitic Pseudochthonius Balzan, 1892 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from the karst area of Serra do Ramalho, Brazil: a threatened species https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/77451/ Subterranean Biology 40: 109-128

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.40.77451

Authors: Leonardo de Assis, Diego Monteiro von Schimonsky, Maria Elina Bichuette

Abstract: Pseudochthonius ramalho sp. nov. is described to Gruna do Vandercir cave, in the Serra do Ramalho karst area, southwestern Bahia, Brazil. This area has an extensive limestone outcrop, with several caves, and the occurrence of potential minerals that are financially attractive for mining projects. The new species shows troglomorphic characteristics such as the depigmentation of the carapace and absence or reduction of eyes. It is a rare troglobitic species, and following the criteria of IUCN, we categorized the species as Critically Endangered – CR, IUCN criteria B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii). According to Brazilian legislation, locations, where critically endangered species live, can be protected by law, and we consider this cave/region to be of maximal relevance for protection.

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Research Article Tue, 23 Nov 2021 11:50:33 +0200
New troglobitic species of Niambia from Botswana and Namibia (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/72499/ Subterranean Biology 40: 91-108

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.40.72499

Authors: Giovanna Monticelli Cardoso, Gerhard Du Preez, Stefano Taiti, Rodrigo L. Ferreira

Abstract: Three new species in the genus Niambia are described from southern African caves: N. botswanaensis sp. nov. from Diviner’s Cave (Botswana), N. ghaubensis sp. nov. from Ghaub Cave and N. namibiaensis sp. nov. from Märchen Cave (Namibia). All these species show troglomorphic traits such as absence of body pigmentation and eyes. These are the first troglobitic species recorded in the genus. Most of the other species of Niambia are epigean and occur in semi-arid environments in the Afrotropical Region.

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Research Article Fri, 19 Nov 2021 14:17:36 +0200
Chthonius kirghisicus (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae), a new cave-dwelling species from Kyrgyzstan https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/67303/ Subterranean Biology 40: 27-41

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.40.67303

Authors: Guilherme C. Prado, Ana Clara M. Viana, Dmitry A. Milko, Rodrigo L. Ferreira

Abstract: A new pseudoscorpion species, Chthonius kirghisicus sp. nov., is described. It can be distinguished from the other species of the genus mainly by the number and shape of chelal teeth, the number of coxae setae, the arrangement of carapacal setae, and its measurements. This new species represents the first record for the genus in Kyrgyzstan. We also provide recommendations for future research on this species.

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Research Article Tue, 14 Sep 2021 10:27:14 +0300
Chaimowiczia: a new Iuiuniscinae genus from Brazil (Oniscidea, Synocheta, Styloniscidae) with the description of two new troglobitic species https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/65305/ Subterranean Biology 39: 45-62

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.39.65305

Authors: Giovanna Monticelli Cardoso, Rafaela Bastos-Pereira, Leila Aparecida Souza, Rodrigo L. Ferreira

Abstract: A new genus of Styloniscidae, Chaimowiczia gen. nov., is described with two new species: Chaimowiczia tatus sp. nov. from Gruta do Padre cave (Santana, Bahia) and Chaimowiczia uai sp. nov. from Lapa d’água do Zezé cave (Itacarambi, Minas Gerais). The new genus and species were allocated into the subfamily Iuiuniscinae, hitherto monotypic, by the pronounced rectangular-shaped lateral pereonites epimera, dorsal surface smooth, body outline continuous without a gap between pereon and pleon, and pleonites 3 to 5 developed forming tips. The two species of Chaimowiczia gen. nov. differ in the shape of cephalon antennal lobes, pereonite 1 epimera, pleonite 5 posterior margin and uropod exopod and endopod proportion.

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Research Article Tue, 8 Jun 2021 16:12:37 +0300
A new subterranean species of Anillinus Casey (Carabidae, Trechinae, Anillini) from Florida https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/65769/ Subterranean Biology 39: 33-44

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.39.65769

Authors: Igor M. Sokolov, Kyle E. Schnepp

Abstract: A new species of blind subterranean ground beetle in the genus Anillinus Casey is described from Florida. Anillinus albrittonorum sp. nov. (type locality: 6 miles NW High Springs, Columbia County, Florida) has a unique structure of female genitalia and occupies an isolated position within the genus. This new species is illustrated with images of the habitus, body parts, and male and female genitalia. Relationships of A. albrittonorum to other members of the genus are discussed.

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Research Article Tue, 8 Jun 2021 08:26:26 +0300
Citizen science approach reveals groundwater fauna in Switzerland and a new species of Niphargus (Amphipoda, Niphargidae) https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/66755/ Subterranean Biology 39: 1-31

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.39.66755

Authors: Roman Alther, Nicole Bongni, Špela Borko, Cene Fišer, Florian Altermatt

Abstract: Knowledge on the diversity and distribution of subterranean organisms is still scattered, even in faunistically relatively well-researched countries such as Switzerland. This is mostly due to the restricted access to these subterranean habitats. Better knowledge on these organisms is needed, because they contribute substantially to overall biodiversity of a region, often contain unique elements of biodiversity, and can potentially be indicative of the ecological status of subterranean ecosystems that are providing important ecosystem services such as drinking water. Past research on subterranean organisms has often used highly specialised sampling techniques and expert knowledge. Here, we show that inclusion of non-professionals can be an alternative and highly promising sampling strategy. We retrieved citizen science-based samples from municipal groundwater wells across Switzerland, mainly from the Swiss Plateau. Opportunistic samples from 313 sites revealed a previously undocumented groundwater fauna including organisms from different major invertebrate groups, with a dominance of crustaceans. Here, we studied amphipods of the genus Niphargus. Among all 363 individuals sampled, we found in total eight nominal species. Two of them, namely N. fontanus and N. kieferi, are reported for Switzerland for the first time. We also found four further phylogenetic lineages that are potentially new species to science. One of them is here formally described as Niphargus arolaensis sp. nov. The description is based on molecular and morphometric data. Our study proves the suitability of citizen science to document subterranean diversity, supports groundwater conservation efforts with data, and raises awareness for the relevance and biodiversity of groundwater amphipods among stakeholders.

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Research Article Tue, 25 May 2021 16:11:25 +0300
Collembola from Hundidero-Gato Cave in Southern Spain, with the description of a new species of Entomobrya Rondani, 1861 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/66254/ Subterranean Biology 38: 77-90

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.38.66254

Authors: Javier I. Arbea, Virginia García López, Francisco Javier Soria, Pedro Abellán

Abstract: This paper deals with some Collembola from a cave at La Sierra de Grazalema (Málaga). In total, eight species of springtails were found. Two may represent new species but there is insufficient material available to prepare full descriptions (one species in the genus Ceratophysella, one in Hypogastrura), one species (Folsomides cf. ayllonensis) is identified to species, but differences from the nominal species suggest further studies may indicate the Grazalema populations represent a distinct form, and one other is described as new to science, Entomobrya virginiae Arbea, sp. nov. The new species is characterized by no sexual dimorphism in colour pattern, 5 central macrochaetae on Abd II and 4 macrochaetae on Abd III. For the identification and description of the new species, the set of characters proposed by Jordana and Baquero (2005) was used.

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Research Article Mon, 19 Apr 2021 15:14:37 +0300
Stygobromus bakeri, a new species of groundwater amphipod (Amphipoda, Crangonyctidae) associated with the Trinity and Edwards aquifers of central Texas, USA https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/61787/ Subterranean Biology 38: 19-45

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.38.61787

Authors: Randy Gibson, Benjamin T. Hutchins, Jean K. Krejca, Peter H. Diaz, Peter S. Sprouse

Abstract: A new stygobitic groundwater amphipod species, Stygobromus bakeri sp. nov., is described from 4 central Texas limestone karst springs; John Knox Spring (Comal County), Jacob’s Well (Hays County), Mormon Spring (Travis County) and Salado Springs (Bell County). This species belongs to the predominately western Nearctic hubbsi species group of Stygobromus and differs from other species in the group by gnathopod 1 with row of 4 to 5 setae posterior to the defining angle, pereopods 6 and 7 with broadly expanded bases and distinct distoposterior lobes, gnathopods 1 and 2 with 2 rows of 3 singly inserted setae on the inner palm, and uropod 3 with single, slightly distal peduncular seta. Habitat, sympatric groundwater species, and conservation issues are discussed.

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Research Article Mon, 12 Apr 2021 08:23:58 +0300
Three new subterranean species of Baezia (Curculionidae, Molytinae) for the Canary Islands https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/61733/ Subterranean Biology 38: 1-18

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.38.61733

Authors: Rafael García, Carmelo Andújar, Pedro Oromí, Brent Emerson, Heriberto López

Abstract: The genus Baezia Alonso-Zarazaga & García, 1999 is endemic to the Canary Islands, where four species were known to date. Based on morphological evidence, three new species of Baezia are described in this study: Baezia aranfaybo García & López, sp. nov. from El Hierro island, and Baezia madai García & Oromí sp. nov. and Baezia tizziri García & Andújar, sp. nov. from La Palma island. Notes on their biology, habitat, and distribution are presented. The number of taxa in this endemic Canarian genus increases to seven eyeless species. One species has been reported from the soil (endogean environment), with the other six associated with caves and the mesovoid shallow substratum (hypogean or subterranean environment). Frequent association with the presence of roots suggests that species of Baezia may inhabit the continuum represented by the endogean and hypogean environments. Identification key to the seven species are provided.

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Research Article Tue, 2 Mar 2021 13:30:02 +0200
Attheyella (Canthosella) thailandica sp. nov. (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae) from caves in Thailand https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/55376/ Subterranean Biology 37: 57-73

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.37.55376

Authors: Santi Watiroyram

Abstract: During this sampling campaign, the canthocamptid Attheyella (Canthosella) thailandica sp. nov. was collected from various caves in Thailand. The new species is widely distributed in the country and favours habitats, such as phytotelmata and wet soil. Attheyella (Canthosella) thailandica sp. nov. is the second member of the genus to be found in Thailand, after Attheyella (Canthosella) vietnamica Borutzky (1967), which is most similar to it. Amongst Asian species, both A. (C.) thailandica sp. nov. and A. (C.) vietnamica have identical setal formulae, with a greater number of armatures on the distal endopods of legs 2–4. However, A. (C.) thailandica sp. nov. markedly differs from A. (C.) vietnamica in the insertion point of the dorsal seta and the presence of inner spinules on the caudal ramus. Additionally, the leg 4 endopod is two-segmented in A. (C.) thailandica sp. nov., but one-segmented in A. (C.) vietnamica.

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Research Article Thu, 28 Jan 2021 09:16:31 +0200
A new troglobitic species of Allochthonius (subgenus Urochthonius) (Pseudoscorpiones, Pseudotyrannochthoniidae) from Japan https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/58580/ Subterranean Biology 37: 43-55

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.37.58580

Authors: Ana Clara Moreira Viana, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira

Abstract: Allochthonius (Urochthonius) yoshizawai sp. nov., found in Hiura-do Cave, a limestone cave located in the municipality of Kumakogen, Ehime Prefecture, Japan, is described. It can be distinguished from the consubgeneric species mainly by the carapacal chaetotaxy (6–2, 18), by the presence of 6 setae on the cheliceral palm, by the rallum with 11 blades, by the presence of 8 clavate coxal blades on coxae I, and by the decreased number and distinct shape of the chelal teeth. A redescription of the subgenus Urochthonius, and keys to the subgenera of Allochthonius and to the species and subspecies of Urochthonius are also provided, as well as some ecological remarks, a brief discussion on troglomorphisms for the subgenus, and potential threats for this species.

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Research Article Wed, 20 Jan 2021 15:48:40 +0200
Groundwater annelids from Gran Canaria and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the description of two new species of Namanereis (Namanereidinae, Nereididae, Polychaeta) https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/55090/ Subterranean Biology 36: 35-49

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.36.55090

Authors: Jorge Núñez, Christopher J. Glasby, Manuel Naranjo

Abstract: The Canary Islands are the richest volcanic region in the world in subterranean adapted fauna, followed by the Hawaiian Islands and the Undara Cave in Australia. Most of the subterranean adapted aquatic fauna from the Canary Islands is restricted to the anchialine environments in La Corona lava tube in Lanzarote, while the oligohaline stygobiont fauna, usually found in groundwater or interstitial freshwaters, is scarcer and represented by a few species of amphipods, copepods, and a single polychaete annelid recorded from Fuerteventura and doubtfully identified as Namanereis hummelincki (non Augener, 1933) (Hartmann-Schröder, 1988). Two new species of polychaete annelids belonging to the subfamily Namanereidinae are described from Gran Canaria and Fuerteventura. Both species live in groundwater, are depigmented and eyeless, and have bifid jaws. Although they are seemingly more related to each other than to other members of the bifid-jaw group, Namanereis canariarum sp. nov. can be diagnosed by its relatively longer tentacular cirri and parapodial dorsal cirri, as well as the presence of pseudospiniger chaetae. In contrast, Namanereis llanetensis sp. nov. has shorter cirri and usually lacks pseudospiniger chaetae. Namanereis canariarum sp. nov. and Namanereis llanetensis sp. nov. increase to 20 the total number of currently described species within this enigmatic genus. More than half of those species are adapted to live in groundwaters.

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Research Article Mon, 16 Nov 2020 08:23:20 +0200
A new species and a new record of Hypogastrura (Collembola, Hypogastruridae) from Miguel Ángel Blanco shaft (Jaén, Spain) https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/54257/ Subterranean Biology 35: 65-78

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.35.54257

Authors: Javier I. Arbea, Toni Pérez Fernández

Abstract: A new species of cavernicolous Collembola belonging to the genus Hypogastrura Bourlet, 1839 from “Sima Miguel Ángel Blanco” (Jaén, Spain) is described: Hypogastrura herrerosvelai sp. nov. belongs to the H. monticola group of species within the genus and is easy to distinguish from its three relatives, Hypogastrura monticola Stach, 1946, H. hispanica Steiner, 1955 and H. dasiensis Selga, 1966, by the dorsal chaetotaxy. On the other hand, the presence of the species Hypogastrura socialis (Uzel, 1890) in the Iberian Peninsula is confirmed.

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Research Article Wed, 5 Aug 2020 08:56:26 +0300
Nesticus kosodensis Yaginuma, 1972 bona species. Molecular and morphological separation from N. latiscapus Yaginuma, 1972 with notes on cave scaffold-web spiders subspecies in Japan (Araneae, Nesticidae) https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/53933/ Subterranean Biology 35: 79-96

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.35.53933

Authors: Yuya Suzuki, Francesco Ballarin

Abstract: The troglophilic spider subspecies Nesticus latiscapus kosodensis Yaginuma, 1972 is compared with its nominal species N. latiscapus Yaginuma, 1972 using an integrated taxonomic approach. Both morphological and molecular analysis suggest the two taxa are distinct, rejecting the status of subspecies. In the light of these results, N. kosodensis stat. nov. is elevated to species level and both species are redescribed. We expect that future revisions of Japanese Nesticidae will find that many currently designated subspecies are in fact distinct species. Taxonomic revision of long-established and unrevised subspecies may help to improve the conservation efforts aiming to protect the Japanese endemic cave fauna.

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Research Article Wed, 5 Aug 2020 08:20:42 +0300
Pseudonannolene canastra sp. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida) – a new troglobitic millipede from the southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/51183/ Subterranean Biology 35: 33-47

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.35.51183

Authors: Jéssica Scaglione Gallo, Maria Elina Bichuette

Abstract: Pseudonannolene is a neotropical genus of millipedes distributed in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Bolivia. Generally, species of Pseudonannolene are considered troglophilic, i.e., they can establish a source population in both subterranean and superficial habitats. Among the 60 species known, 49 are found in Brazil; out of these, 25 occur in caves but only three are considered troglobitic (source population exclusively subterranean). This study aims to describe the fourth troglobitic species of Pseudonannolene from Brazil, and the first one from the region of Serra da Canastra, in the southeastern part of Brazil.

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Research Article Fri, 26 Jun 2020 07:59:39 +0300
Oromia orahan (Curculionidae, Molytinae), a new subterranean species for the Canarian underground biodiversity https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/52583/ Subterranean Biology 35: 1-14

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.35.52583

Authors: Rafael García, Carmelo Andújar, Pedro Oromí, Heriberto López

Abstract: A new blind weevil belonging to the genus Oromia Alonso-Zarazaga, 1987 is described, being found in the underground of the laurel forest of La Gomera (Canary Islands). Individuals were mainly collected in a colluvial mesocavernous shallow substratum, besides one specimen collected in the deep humic layer of soil. This new species has clear diagnostic differences from the other Oromia species. The number of taxa in this endemic Canarian genus increases to four species, easily identified using the key provided in this article. New data on other Canarian subterranean weevils are also provided.

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Research Article Mon, 15 Jun 2020 08:29:43 +0300
Kut gen. nov., a new troglomorphic spider genus from Turkey (Araneae, Dysderidae) https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/46534/ Subterranean Biology 32: 95-109

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.32.46534

Authors: Kadir Boğaç Kunt, Mert Elverici, Ersen Aydın Yağmur, Recep Sulhi Özkütük

Abstract: A new genus of troglomorphic Dysderidae is described, based mainly on the morphology of copulatory organs. The new genus Kut gen. nov., with the type species Harpactocrates troglophilus Brignoli, 1978, also includes two recently discovered new species from the coastal Mediterranean Turkey: Kut izmiricus sp. nov. and K. dimensis sp. nov. All three species display troglomorphic traits, most distinct in K. dimensis sp. nov. Another genus-level trait is a characteristic simple type of bulb in males. Female copulatory organ shows similarity to the endemic Caucasian genus Cryptoparachtes Dunin, 1992 in paraspermatheca structure, whereas the male copulatory organ is unique among all known Dysderidae.

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Research Article Fri, 22 Nov 2019 08:36:35 +0200
A new species of Alpioniscus (Illyrionethes) from the Dinaric Karst (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Trichoniscidae) https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/37509/ Subterranean Biology 32: 33-42

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.32.37509

Authors: Jana Bedek, Sanja Gottstein, Stefano Taiti

Abstract: In the Dinaric Karst, Alpioniscus (Illyrionethes) is the taxon with the largest number of troglobiotic species (19), one of which is new and described here: A. busljetai sp. nov., found in two caves in the coastal area of North Dalmatia. Both caves are threatened by human activities (IUCN threats 1.1, 9.1.1).

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Research Article Mon, 9 Sep 2019 09:15:16 +0300
A new species of spider (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Islandiana) from a southern Indiana cave https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/25605/ Subterranean Biology 26: 19-26

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.26.25605

Authors: Marc A. Milne, Elizabeth Wells

Abstract: The genus Islandiana (Araneae, Linyphiidae) was erected by Braendegaard in 1932 and is comprised of 14 species, most of which are native to North America. Herein we add a 15th species, Islandiana lewisi sp. n., from southern Indiana, USA. This species resembles both I. flavoides Ivie, 1965 and I. cavealis Ivie, 1965, the latter of which is geographically-close.

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Research Article Tue, 12 Jun 2018 10:19:45 +0300
A morphological gap for Iberian Zospeum filled: Zospeum percostulatum sp. n. (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Carychiidae) a new species from Asturias (Spain) https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/23364/ Subterranean Biology 25: 35-48

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.25.23364

Authors: Alvaro Alonso, Carlos E. Prieto, Sergio Quiñonero-Salgado, Emilio Rolán

Abstract: Zospeum percostulatum sp. n. from Cueva de La Herrería (Llanes, Asturias) is described. It is characterized by a relatively large shell (1.4–1.8 mm height), conical, with ovate aperture, continuous peristome and thickened parietal callus; shell costulate except two first whorls; without any sort of inner formations. It is the first clearly costulate Iberian species, filling a morphological gap in the Iberian clade, and the largest species from the Cantabrian region, being the first species described from Asturias.

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Research Article Thu, 15 Mar 2018 10:04:26 +0200
Three new species of the subterranean huntsman spider genus Spariolenus (Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae) in Iran https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/20985/ Subterranean Biology 24: 11-25

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.24.20985

Authors: Majid Moradmand

Abstract: The taxonomy of the genus Spariolenus Simon, 1880 in Iran is revisited by describing three new species: Spariolenus fathpouri sp. n. (male & female) from Pebdeh cave ecosystem (Khuzestan Province), S. mansourii sp. n. (male and female) a more widespread species discovered in the Pataveh and Nezel Caves entrances (Kohgiluye-va-Buyer Ahmad Province), and S. hormozii sp. n. (female) from the Geno Biosphere Reserve (Hormozgan Province). Notes on the current status of the explored caves are given. The recently erected species, S. khoozestanus is redescribed based on the examination of the holotype and an additional diagnosis is provided. The Iranian plateau can be considered as the hotspot diversity for this genus in the world by hosting 8 out of 13 known species.

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Research Article Tue, 28 Nov 2017 10:30:26 +0200
The first troglobiotic species of the family Pudeoniscidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea), with descriptions of a new genus and two new species https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/20963/ Subterranean Biology 23: 69-84

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.23.20963

Authors: Ivanklin Soares Campos-Filho, Maria Elina Bichuette, Giuseppe Montesanto, Paula Beatriz Araujo, Stefano Taiti

Abstract: Approximately 170 species of terrestrial isopods are known from Brazil, but only 12 are considered troglobionts. The family Pudeoniscidae comprises four species in two genera, Brasiloniscus and Pudeoniscus. After the examination of material collected in caves in the state of Bahia, a new genus and two new species have been recognized, Iansaoniscus iraquara gen. et sp. n. from Buraco do Cão cave, Iraquara, and Iansaoniscus georginae gen. et sp. n. from Borboletas cave, Paripiranga. The new genus and new species are placed in Pudeoniscidae on the basis of some morphological characteristics, such as antennal flagellum with second and third articles divided by a slender suture, epimera of pereonite 1 with dorsolateral furrow reduced or absent, and shape of uropods. The Brazilian subterranean environments are now under potential threat because of recent legislation for cave exploitation, and the knowledge of the subterranean biodiversity of the country is thus of primary importance for its effective conservation.

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Research Article Thu, 26 Oct 2017 15:45:51 +0300
Two new species of the Pterostichus macrogenys species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae) discovered in shallow subterranean habitats in northern Honshu, Japan https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/11155/ Subterranean Biology 21: 47-56

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.21.11155

Authors: Kôji Sasakawa, Hirotarô Itô

Abstract: Shallow subterranean environments have recently received attention as a habitat for Carabidae beetles, and many new species have been discovered using collection techniques devised for this habitat. We report the discovery of two new species of the macrogenys species group of the Pterostichus subgenus Nialoe Tanaka, 1958, collected by subterranean baited traps in northern Honshu, Japan. Pterostichus shinbodakensis Sasakawa & Itô, sp. n. is described from Mt. Shinbodake, Niigata Prefecture, and P. tateishiyamanus Sasakawa & Itô, sp. n. is described from the southeastern foot of Mt. Tateishiyama, Fukushima Prefecture. Comparative male genital morphology shows that among the known species, the two new species are most closely related to P. falcispinus Sasakawa, 2005 and P. chokaisanus Sasakawa, 2009, respectively. In addition, sympatric occurrence of P. shinbodakensis with a smaller, unidentified species of the species group was also confirmed. The implications of these results for future studies of the macrogenys species group, as well as those of Nialoe, are discussed.

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Research Article Tue, 24 Jan 2017 10:58:35 +0200
Two new species of Nitocrella (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from groundwaters of northwestern Australia expand the geographic range of the genus in a global hotspot of subterranean biodiversity https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/10389/ Subterranean Biology 20: 51-76

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.20.10389

Authors: Danny Tang, Stefan Eberhard

Abstract: In Australia, the Ameiridae is the most diverse harpacticoid family in groundwater, with 35 species hitherto reported. In this study, we describe two new species belonging to the “vasconica”-group of the ameirid genus Nitocrella based on specimens collected from groundwaters near mine sites in the Pilbara and Great Sandy Desert regions of northwestern Australia. Nitocrella knotti sp. n. can be distinguished from related taxa by having two setae on the antennal exopod, four armature elements on the distal endopodal segment of leg 2, four armature elements on the distal endopodal segment of leg 3, three armature elements on the distal endopodal segment of leg 4, and three setae on the basoendopodal lobe of leg 5. Nitocrella karanovici sp. n. differs from its congeners by having a short outer spine and long inner seta on the distal endopodal segment of leg 2, three armature elements on the distal endopodal segment of leg 3, and four setae on the basoendopodal lobe of leg 5 in the female. This study is of biogeographic interest in providing the first documentation of the genus Nitocrella from the Pilbara and Great Sandy Desert regions. Both new species of Nitocrella are recorded from restricted localities and appear to be short-range endemics, thus making them potentially vulnerable to environmental changes and threatening processes such as mining. The distribution range of N. karanovici sp. n. coincides with the centre of diversity of the Ethel Gorge aquifer stygobiont community, a globally significant hotspot which is listed as endangered.

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Research Article Thu, 10 Nov 2016 10:02:15 +0200
Cockroaches (Insecta, Blattodea) from caves of Polillo Island (Philippines), with description of a new species https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/9804/ Subterranean Biology 19: 51-64

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.19.9804

Authors: Cristian C. Lucanas, Ireneo L. Lit Jr.

Abstract: Cockroaches collected during a protracted series of fieldwork in several limestone caves in Polillo Island, Philippines were taxonomically studied. A new species of Nocticola (Nocticolidae), N. gonzalezi Lucañas & Lit, sp. n., is described. The male of Periplaneta banksi Hanitsch (Blattidae) is described for the first time. Altogether, the present cave cockroach fauna of the island consists of six species.

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Research Article Wed, 28 Sep 2016 14:49:21 +0300
New records and new species of springtails (Collembola: Entomobryidae, Paronellidae) from lava tubes of the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador) https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/7660/ Subterranean Biology 17: 77-120

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.17.7660

Authors: Aron D. Katz, Steven J. Taylor, Felipe N. Soto-Adames, Aaron Addison, Geoffrey B. Hoese, Michael R. Sutton, Theofilos Toulkeridis

Abstract: The Collembola fauna of the Galápagos Islands is relatively unexplored with only thirty-five reported species. Entomobryoidea, the most diverse superfamily of Collembola, is underrepresented, with only five species reported from the Galápagos. Here we present the findings of the first survey of Collembola from Galápagos lava tube caves, providing a significant update to the total number of entomobryoid Collembola species reported from the Galápagos Islands. Collections made during a March 2014 expedition to study lava tubes of the islands yielded new records for seven species of Entomobryoidea, including four genera not previously reported from the Galápagos Islands: Coecobrya, Entomobrya, Heteromurus, and Salina. As a result, three new species (Entomobrya darwini Katz, Soto-Adames & Taylor, sp. n., Pseudosinella vulcana Katz, Soto-Adames & Taylor, sp. n., and Pseudosinella stewartpecki Katz, Soto-Adames & Taylor, sp. n.) are described and new diagnoses are provided for Heteromurus (Heteromurtrella) nitens Yosii, 1964, Lepidocyrtus nigrosetosus Folsom, 1927 and Pseudosinella intermixta (Folsom, 1924). Lepidocyrtus leleupi Jacquemart, 1976 is synonymized with L. nigrosetosus. An updated checklist of all species within the superfamily Entomobryoidea reported from the Galápagos Islands is provided.

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Research Article Fri, 25 Mar 2016 09:38:19 +0200
Four new representatives of the genus Allocyclops Kiefer, 1932 from semi-consolidated subsoil aquifers in Benin (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae) https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/4467/ Subterranean Biology 16: 1-36

DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.16.4467

Authors: Frank Fiers, Moïssou Lagnika

Abstract: Several species of cyclopoid copepods were collected from improved and unimproved hang-dug-wells in the Republic of Bénin over the years 2009–2014. Fifty five wells located in seven different districts were sampled: 15 wells in the district of Pobè (Department Plateau) and 1 well in Kétou (Department Plateau), 4 wells in Porto-Novo District (Department Ouémé) and, 15 wells in Lokossa District (Department Mono),18 wells in Parakou District (Department Borgou), 1 well in Abomey-Calavi District (Department Atlantique) and 1 in Zogbodomè District (Department Zou). Among them, 4 new species of the genus Allocyclops Kiefer, 1932 were found and are described herein: Allocyclops spinifer sp. n., A. nudus sp. n., A. pilosus sp. n. and A. sakitii sp. n. They are compared with the three African species previously described. Allocyclops appears to be a sub-Saharan taxon specialized to thrive in the variable environment of subsoil aquifers in laterite deck beds. An identification key to the 7 different African Allocyclops species is provided.

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Research Article Wed, 24 Jun 2015 17:11:09 +0300